CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS IN SMART AGRICULTURE: A FUSION OF IOT, AI, AND PRECISION FARMING
Keywords:
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Smart Agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), Precision FarmingAbstract
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are revolutionizing agriculture by integrating computational algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and real-time sensing into physical agricultural processes. Smart farming, enabled by CPS, offers site-specific crop management, automated irrigation, yield forecasting, and pest control, drastically improving efficiency and sustainability. This paper explores the architecture and application of CPS in smart agriculture, focusing on its convergence with IoT and AI technologies to enhance decision-making and productivity. Through case studies, performance metrics, and system models, we analyze the transformative role of CPS in Pakistan’s agricultural sector and propose policy and technological recommendations for broader adoption.

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