BLOCKCHAIN-BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MODERN DEMOCRACIES

Abstract

The rise of blockchain technology has opened new possibilities in enhancing the integrity, transparency, and efficiency of democratic processes. Electronic voting (e-voting) systems powered by blockchain present a promising avenue for reducing electoral fraud, improving voter turnout, and ensuring auditability. However, the integration of such systems also poses technical, legal, and socio-political challenges. This paper explores the fundamental design principles of blockchain-based e-voting systems, assesses their potential in modern democracies, and discusses the constraints hindering their adoption. Through a comparative analysis and case studies, the paper evaluates global initiatives and offers recommendations for the Pakistani electoral landscape